Njengoko ungcoliseko lweplastiki yehlabathi lusiya lusiba lubi kakhulu, i-eco{0}}iplastiki ezonakaliswayo ezinobuhlobo ngokuthe ngcembe ziye zavela njengenye isisombululo. Nangona kunjalo, yintoni umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kwabo kunye neeplastiki eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo? Ngodliwanondlebe neengcali zeshishini kunye nokubonisana nedatha egunyazisiweyo, intatheli iwusombulule ngokubanzi umahluko wokwakheka kwezinto, iimpawu zokuthotywa, iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo, kunye neemeko zesicelo.
Ngokumalunga nokwakheka kwezinto kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa, iiplastiki zesiqhelo zenziwe ngamafutha efosili{0} angahlaziyekiyo afana nepetroleum kunye negesi yendalo ngokusabela kwepolymerization, kunye nezakhiwo ezizinzileyo zemolekyuli ekunzima ukubola ngokwendalo. Ngokuchaseneyo, i-eco-iplastiki ezingonakaliswayo ezinobuhlobo kakhulu zisuka kwi-biomass evuselelekayo efana nestatshi sombona, iintsinga zezityalo, kunye ne-algae yaselwandle. Ezinye iimveliso nazo zongeza i-catalysts ezonakaliswayo, kwaye ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngexesha lemveliso yi-30% -50% ephantsi kuneeplastiki eziqhelekileyo (idatha evela kwi-China Plastics Processing Industry Association). Umzekelo, i-polylactic acid (PLA) iiplastiki ezonakeleyo zenziwe ngombona, ngelixa i-polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) inokuhlanganiswa ngokuvutshelwa kwe-microbial, zombini zihlukana nokuthembela kwimithombo yefosili.
Indlela yokwehlisa umgangatho kunye nomjikelo ngowona mahluko ungundoqo phakathi kwezi zimbini. Iiplastiki eziqhelekileyo zithatha amakhulu okanye amawaka eminyaka ukubola kancinci kwindawo yendalo, kwaye ngexesha lenkqubo yokubola, zivelisa i-microplastics engena emhlabeni, kwimithombo yamanzi, kunye nekhonkco lokutya, ebangela ubungozi bexesha elide{1}}kwizinto eziphilayo. Phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo (ezifana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukufuma, kunye nesenzo semicrobial kwiindawo zokugquba), i-eco -iplastiki ezinobuhlobo ezinokonakala zinokonakaliswa ngokupheleleyo zibe yikharbon diokside, amanzi, kunye nezinto eziphilayo kwisithuba seenyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwiminyaka emi-2 ngaphandle kokushiya iintsalela ezinobungozi. Nangona kunjalo, iingcali zikhumbuza ukuba ezinye iiplastiki "ezinokonakala" ezinokonakala kuphela phantsi kweemeko ezithile zomgquba kwimizi-mveliso, ngokonakala okulinganiselweyo kwimekobume yendalo, kwaye abathengi kufuneka banikele ingqalelo ekuchongeni amanqaku esiqinisekiso.
Ngokumalunga neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo kunye nokuzinza, ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kweeplastiki eziqhelekileyo kukhokelele kungcoliseko olukhulu olumhlophe. Malunga nezigidi ezisi-8 zeetoni zeplastiki zingena elwandle kwihlabathi jikelele minyaka le, nto leyo ebeka isoyikiso esibulalayo kubomi baselwandle. Iiplastiki ezonakaliswayo azincitshi kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yefosili kodwa neemveliso zazo zokonakala zinokuphucula ukuchuma komhlaba, zenze umjikelo wobutyebi. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ixabiso langoku lemveliso yeeplastiki ezinokonakala ziphezulu kakhulu (malunga ne-1.5 - 3 amaxesha eeplastiki zesiqhelo), kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo ezifana nokumelana nobushushu kunye nokungena komoya kwezinye iimveliso zisafuna ukuphuculwa, ukwenza ukunyusa okukhulu kujongene nemingeni.
Ngokweemeko zesicelo, iiplastiki eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukupakisha, izinto zokwakha, i-electronics, kunye nezinye iindawo ezininzi ngenxa yeendleko zabo eziphantsi kunye nokusebenza okuzinzile. Iiplastiki ezonakeleyo, kwelinye icala, zifaneleke ngakumbi kwiimveliso ezilahlwayo ezifana nezikhongozeli zokutya, iingxowa zokuthenga, i-tableware, kunye neefilim ze-mulch kwicandelo lezolimo ezithanda ukungcoliseka. Okwangoku, amazwe amaninzi aqalise imigaqo-nkqubo yokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zeplastiki eziqhelekileyo ezilahlwayo kunye nokukhuthaza ukuthandwa kweeplastiki ezonakeleyo.
Iingcali zemizi-mveliso zithe ukusombulula ingxaki yongcoliseko lweplastiki akuthembeli kuphela kwiiplastiki ezonakeleyo kodwa kukwafuna indibaniselwano yamanyathelo ahlukeneyo anjengokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe. Kwixesha elizayo, ngenkqubela yetekhnoloji kunye nemveliso-enkulu, amaxabiso eeplastiki ezonakeleyo ziya kuhla kancinci, kwaye ukusebenza kwazo kuya kuqhubeka ukwenziwa ngcono. Baza kuncedisana neeplastiki eziqhelekileyo kwaye bakhuthaze ngokudibeneyo uphuhliso lokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo
